Test Your Veterinary Knowledge!

Review questions for veterinary students studying for the NAVLE.

Select the best answer:

1. Which condition is NOT a predisposing factor for toenail injuries in dogs?

   A) Misshapen or deformed nails

   B) Increased nail brittleness

   C) Hypothyroidism

   D) Ingrown toenail

   E) Overgrown nail

2. What is the most common congenital or hereditary eye defect in foals and young horses, particularly in Belgian and Morgan breeds?

   A) Progressive Retinal Atrophy

   B) Cataracts

   C) Glaucoma

   D) Uveitis

   E) Corneal Dystrophy

3. Which of the following is NOT a common etiology of diarrhea in foals?

   A) Salmonella infection

   B) Gastroduodenal ulceration

   C) Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)

   D) Clostridium difficile infection

   E) Rotavirus infection

4. Which of the following diseases in cats is caused by a coronavirus?

   A) Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

   B) Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

   C) Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

   D) Feline Panleukopenia

   E) Feline Asthma

5. What is the most common form of heart disease in dogs?

   A) Dilated Cardiomyopathy

   B) Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

   C) Mitral Valve Disease

   D) Aortic Stenosis

   E) Ventricular Septal Defect

6. Which of the following is a common clinical sign of Equine Cushing's Disease (Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction)?

   A) Increased urination

   B) Weight gain

   C) Laminitis

   D) Colic

   E) Decreased appetite

7. In bovine medicine, what is the primary cause of "Hardware Disease"?

   A) Ingestion of metallic objects

   B) Bacterial infection

   C) Nutritional deficiency

   D) Parasitic infection

   E) Genetic predisposition

8. What is the primary vector responsible for transmitting Lyme disease in dogs?

   A) Mosquitoes

   B) Ticks

   C) Fleas

   D) Mites

   E) Flies

9. Which of the following is a common cause of Acute Renal Failure in cats?

   A) Diabetes mellitus

   B) Hyperthyroidism

   C) Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning

   D) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

   E) Allergic dermatitis

10. What is the most common causative agent of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in pigs?

    A) Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

    B) Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

    C) Porcine circovirus type 2

    D) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

    E) Salmonella Choleraesuis

11. Chronic degenerative valve disease in dogs, also known as endocardiosis, primarily affects which part of the heart?

    A) Right Atrium

    B) Left Atrium

    C) Right Ventricle

    D) Left Ventricle

    E) Left Mitral Valve

12. What is the primary treatment for tick toxicity in dogs?

    A) Corticosteroids

    B) Anti-inflammatory drugs

    C) TAS (Tick Antiserum)

    D) Antihistamines

    E) Antiviral medication

13. What is the definitive diagnostic method for cutaneous/subcutaneous tumors in dogs?

    A) Ultrasound

    B) Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) and Cytology

    C) MRI

    D) Blood Tests E) X-Ray

14. In cases of dietary indiscretion in dogs, which of the following is NOT a common symptom?

    A) Vomiting

    B) Lethargy

    C) Increased Appetite

    D) Severe Abdominal Pain

    E) Pale Mucous Membranes (MM)

15. What is the best method of prevention for a specific canine condition where treatment involves correcting dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, and addressing septicemia?

    A) Regular exercise

    B) Dietary management

    C) Vaccination

    D) Regular grooming

    E) Flea and tick control

16. Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign of Chronic Distemper Encephalitis (old dog encephalitis or ODE) in dogs?

    A) Ataxia

    B) Compulsive movements

    C) Increased appetite

    D) Continual pacing

    E) Uncoordinated hypermetria

17. What is the treatment of choice for proliferative enteritis caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs?

    A) Erythromycin and Rifampin

    B) Metronidazole and Amoxicillin

    C) Ivermectin and Albendazole

    D) Penicillin and Gentamicin

    E) Doxycycline and Clindamycin

18. What is a major risk factor for Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in cattle?

    A) Lack of sunlight exposure

    B) Thiamine deficiency

    C) Excessive water intake

    D) Lack of physical activity

    E) Low protein diet

19. What is a common symptom of Avian Influenza in poultry?

    A) Increased egg production

    B) Decreased water consumption

    C) Respiratory distress

    D) Enhanced feather quality

    E) Increased social behavior

20. What is a common health issue seen in ferrets?

    A) Heartworm disease

    B) Insulinoma

    C) Parvovirus infection

    D) Lyme disease

    E) Feline leukemia

Answers:

1. The answer is C) Hypothyroidism. This condition is not a predisposing factor for toenail injuries in dogs.

2. The answer is E) Corneal Dystrophy. This is the most common congenital or hereditary eye defect in foals and young horses, particularly in Belgian and Morgan breeds.

3. The answer is C) Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM). This is not a common etiology of diarrhea in foals.

4. The answer is A) Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP). This disease in cats is indeed caused by a type of coronavirus.

5. The correct answer is C) Mitral Valve Disease. This is the most common form of heart disease in dogs, particularly in older and small breed dogs.

6. The correct answer is C) Laminitis. Laminitis is a common clinical sign associated with Equine Cushing's Disease (Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction).

7. The answer is A) Ingestion of metallic objects. This is the primary cause of "Hardware Disease" in cattle.

8. The answer is B) Ticks. Ticks are the primary vector responsible for transmitting Lyme disease in dogs.

9. The answer is C) Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning. This is a common cause of Acute Renal Failure in cats.

10. The answer is D) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. This virus is the causative agent of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in pigs.

11. The correct answer is E) Left Mitral Valve. Chronic degenerative valve disease in dogs, also known as endocardiosis, primarily affects the left mitral valve. This condition leads to the degeneration of the valves between the atrium and ventricle, particularly on the left side of the heart.

12. The correct answer is C) TAS (Tick Antiserum). TAS, or Tick Antiserum, is the primary treatment for tick toxicity in dogs. It is an immune serum against the toxin and should be administered early in the disease course. A minimal dosage of 0.5-1 mL/kg is recommended, given slowly intravenously over 20 minutes to avoid any shock reaction.

13. The correct answer is B) Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) and Cytology.

    Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) and Cytology are the definitive diagnostic methods for cutaneous/subcutaneous tumors in dogs. This approach allows for the collection and examination of cells from the tumor to determine its nature.

14. The correct answer is C) Increased Appetite. Increased appetite is not a common symptom of dietary indiscretion in dogs. Typical symptoms include vomiting, lethargy, appetite loss, severe abdominal pain, bloating, pale mucous membranes, weakness, and collapse.

15. The correct answer is C) Vaccination. Vaccination is the best method of prevention for certain canine conditions that require treatment involving the correction of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, and addressing septicemia.

16. The correct answer is C) Increased appetite.

    Increased appetite is not a clinical sign of Chronic Distemper Encephalitis (old dog encephalitis or ODE) in dogs. Typical signs of this condition include ataxia, compulsive movements, continual pacing, and uncoordinated hypermetria.

17. The correct answer is A) Erythromycin and Rifampin.

    For proliferative enteritis caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs, the treatment of choice is erythromycin and rifampin. This combination is recommended for a minimum of three weeks.

18. The correct answer is B) Thiamine deficiency.

    Thiamine deficiency is a major risk factor for Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in cattle. This condition can be caused by increased bacterial thiaminases, decreased or altered production by rumen microbes, or decreased levels in the diet of nursing calves.

19. The correct answer is C) Respiratory distress.

    Respiratory distress is a common symptom of Avian Influenza in poultry. This disease can cause significant respiratory issues among affected birds.

20. The correct answer is B) Insulinoma.

    Insulinoma is a common health issue seen in ferrets. It is a tumor of the pancreas that can cause low blood sugar and various related symptoms.