Owning Pets in Pakistan
Guest author M. Mubashir Ali explains the changing trends in pet ownership within the Pakistani culture.
Owning Pets in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Article
Author: M. Mubashir Ali
Introduction
Owning pets has become integral to many cultures worldwide, and Pakistan is no exception. In recent years, Pakistan has seen a significant shift in how people perceive and interact with pets. Historically, pets were kept for practical purposes, such as guarding property or hunting. However, as the country urbanizes and lifestyles evolve, there has been a noticeable change in the role of pets, with a growing emphasis on companionship and emotional support. Today, pet ownership in Pakistan is evolving, reflecting local traditions and global influences. This article explores the historical evolution of pet ownership, prevailing and emerging trends, its impact on society, popular pet choices and yearly expenses to keep pets, the status of pet rights in Pakistan, animal welfare organizations and associations, and prospects for pet ownership.
Historical Perspective
Pet ownership in Pakistan has its roots in the historical practice of keeping animals for various purposes. Traditionally, pets in Pakistan were predominantly working animals. Dogs were employed to guard homes, while cats were valued for their role in pest control. Farm animals like goats, cows, and camels were essential for livelihoods in rural areas. The idea of keeping pets solely for companionship was relatively uncommon. It has a long and storied history, dating back to ancient times. From the regal falcons of the Mughal emperors to the revered guard dogs of the subcontinent's princely states, pets have always played an essential role in this culture. Cats, dogs, and birds were commonly cherished as companions and status symbols, and this tradition has continued to evolve over the centuries. However, in recent years, the diversity of pets in the country has expanded to include rabbits, birds, turtles, and even exotic animals.
The Evolution of Pet Ownership
Cultural Shift: Traditionally, pets in Pakistan were primarily owned for practical purposes, such as guarding property or herding livestock. Dogs were often seen as protectors, while cats helped control pest populations. However, there is a noticeable cultural shift towards viewing pets as valued family members. This change is partly influenced by exposure to Western lifestyles and the portrayal of pets in popular media.
Changing Attitudes Towards Pets: Another noteworthy shift in Pakistan is the changing attitude towards pets. In the past, pets were often considered a luxury and were associated with the elite class. Today, pets are increasingly seen as part of the family, with many households treating them with love and care. This change in attitude has led to greater awareness of animal rights and welfare, including efforts to combat animal cruelty.
Impact of Social Media: The growth of media platforms and the internet has raised awareness about animal welfare issues. Heartwarming stories, rescue videos, and advocacy campaigns have sensitized people to the plight of stray animals and the importance of responsible pet ownership. Furthermore, the widespread impact of social networks has played a significant role in promoting pet ownership as a trendy lifestyle choice. Social networking sites like Facebook and Instagram have enabled pet owners to showcase their furry companions and share their experiences. Social media has created a sense of community among pet lovers and has encouraged more people to consider pet ownership.
Influence of Urbanization: One of the key factors contributing to the changing trend of pet ownership in Pakistan is the demographic shift towards urbanization. As more people move to cities and adopt modern lifestyles, the need for companionship and emotional support has increased. The nuclear family structure, with fewer children, has also fostered a desire for pets as surrogate family members. Furthermore, urbanization has led to smaller living spaces, making traditional livestock and working animals less practical. In cities, people are more inclined to adopt smaller pets like cats, dogs, and birds as they require less space and can adapt to apartment living.
Economic Prosperity: As the middle class expands in Pakistan, people have more disposable income for pet care. Pet food, healthcare, grooming, and accessories are readily available in urban areas, making it easier for individuals and families to care for their pets. The pet industry in Pakistan has grown to cater to this demand, with pet stores, grooming salons, and veterinary clinics becoming more widespread.
Prevailing and Emerging Trends in Pet Ownership
In recent decades, pet ownership in Pakistan has witnessed a significant transformation. While dogs and cats remain popular, exotic pets like reptiles, rabbits, and birds are also gaining prominence. Additionally, the rise of social media has fostered pet communities where enthusiasts share their love for their animals and seek advice from fellow pet owners. Today, pets are seen as family members and are often pampered with love and care. Some of these trends include:
Increased Pet Adoption: One of the most noticeable trends in Pakistan is the surge in pet adoptions, particularly in urban areas. Animal shelters and rescue organizations have been pivotal in encouraging adoption instead of purchasing pets from breeders or pet stores. There is an increasing recognition of the significance of rescuing animals and providing them with loving homes.
Diversity in Pet Choices: While dogs and cats have always been popular choices, there is a growing diversity in pet preferences. People in Pakistan are now embracing a wide range of animals as pets, including rabbits, parrots, turtles, and even exotic pets like reptiles and amphibians. This diversification is indicative of changing attitudes and lifestyles.
Pet-Friendly Establishments: The emergence of pet-friendly cafes, parks, and hotels is another notable trend. These establishments cater to pet owners, encouraging them to bring their furry friends along. This trend promotes social interaction among pet owners and enhances the overall pet ownership experience.
Changing Trends of Pet Keeping (An Opinion Poll from Gallup & Gilani Pakistan History Project)
A representative sample of adult men and women from all around Pakistan were asked, "Please tell me, what kind of pet or animal do you have at home?" in a 2009 Gallup & Gilani Pakistan National Survey. Regarding this inquiry, 16% said birds, 23% mentioned cats or dogs, 29% mentioned hens or chicks, 44% mentioned cows or goats, and 1% cited other animals. So that a cross-year comparison could be performed, this topic was posed again in 2023. Of those surveyed in 2023, 22% named birds, 11% cats or dogs, 13% hens or chicks, 50% cows or goats, etc., and 4% other animals.
Trend Analysis: Over the 14 years from 2009 to 2023, the percentage of respondents who said they kept hens or cats as pets or indoor animals fell by 16%; the rate who said they kept birds climbed by 6%; the percentage who said they kept cows, goats, etc. increased by 4%; and the percentage of respondents who said they had other animals increased by 3%. During the same period, there was a 12% drop in people reporting owning dogs or cats.
Implications of the Changing Trend
The changing trend of keeping pets in Pakistan has several societal implications:
Pet Welfare: One of the most favorable outcomes of this shift is a growing emphasis on pet welfare. As people become more attached to their pets, they are more inclined to provide proper nutrition, a caring home atmosphere, and routine veterinarian care. However, this also raises concerns about the ethical breeding and trading of pets.
Adoption and Rescue: The awareness of stray animal issues has led to a surge in pet adoption and rescue efforts. Numerous organizations and individuals are now dedicated to rescuing, rehabilitating, and rehoming homeless animals, contributing to a decrease in the stray animal population.
Economic Opportunities: The pet industry, including pet food manufacturing, grooming services, and veterinary care, has created jobs and economic opportunities. It has also attracted investments in pet-related businesses.
Legal Framework: To keep pace with changing trends, Pakistan is gradually developing a legal framework for pet ownership. Animal cruelty and pet breeding regulations are being strengthened, ensuring better pet protection.
Challenges: The rapid increase in pet ownership has also brought challenges, such as improved pet management regulations, better waste disposal practices, and education on responsible ownership. Irresponsible breeding and the illegal pet trade still exist. Moreover, some pets are abandoned or mistreated due to lacking knowledge or resources.
Popular pet choices
The debate between adopting local and foreign pet breeds is ongoing. While alien species often come with specific characteristics and pedigrees, local species are more adapted to the Pakistani climate and environment. Both have advantages; the choice ultimately depends on personal preferences and requirements. In Pakistan, the choice of a pet usually aligns with the owner's family's priorities and needs. The most popular pets include:
Dogs: Various breeds, local and foreign, are among the most beloved pets in Pakistan. Local breeds like the Pakistani Bully Kutta and foreign breeds like Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds are common choices.
Cats: Cats are gaining popularity as low-maintenance pets. Persian, Siamese, and local breeds are common options.
Birds: Birds like parrots, pigeons, finches, and canaries are loved by many as pets. Their vibrant colors and melodious songs make them a delightful addition to any household.
Fish: Aquariums with colorful tropical fish are a relaxing and low-maintenance choice for pet lovers.
Pet Lions and Exotic Animals: Importing exotic wildlife, such as white lions, is a means for Pakistan's elite to show off their wealth. In Karachi alone, there are thought to be over 300 lions hiding in gardens, roof confinements, and farmhouses.
The Yearly Expense of Keeping a Pet
Owning a pet is a huge investment, and pet owners must provide their pets with the appropriate toys, clothing, food, medications, and other items. The estimated price of purchasing a new pet in Pakistan might vary from 3000 to more than 100,000 rupees depending upon the breed, size, and type of pet adapted. The cost of annual pet vaccinations is approximately 10,000 to 15,000 rupees. Regarding spaying and neutering, the approximate expense is around 10,000 to 20,000 rupees per year. Lastly, the complete checkup costs are around 2000 to 5000 rupees. Pet food expenses may vary from 40,000 to 60,000 rupees annually, based on the kind, brand, and standard of pet food you choose for your animal companion.
International Standards and Status of Pet Rights/Laws
Pakistan strives to align its pet ownership practices with international standards like many other countries. This includes promoting responsible pet ownership, regulating breeding and sales, and improving animal welfare standards. International organizations and conventions provide valuable guidelines and resources for achieving these goals. In Pakistan, there are laws and regulations governing pet ownership, primarily aimed at ensuring the welfare of animals. The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act of 1890 is one such law that safeguards animals from cruelty and neglect. This law is, however, outdated and does not reflect the prevalent scientific, cultural, or commercial compulsions about animal welfare. The Halal Authority Act (2015) is encouraging because it ensures the humane treatment of animals throughout the slaughter process. There has been a growing awareness of pet rights in Pakistan in recent years. Animal welfare organizations and advocates have worked tirelessly to improve the pet legal framework. While progress has been made, there is still work to be done to enforce regulations, prevent cruelty, and ensure the well-being of pets.
Pakistan Animal Welfare Organizations and Societies
A long animal or pet welfare institution list includes government and non-government organizations and societies. Establishing these creates awareness and ensures animal protection, welfare, rights, and conservation. Pakistan Animal Welfare Society (PAWS), The Kennel Club of Pakistan (KCP), The Society for the Protection of Animal Rights (SPAR), Animal Safety Organization Pakistan, Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals - SPCA, Karachi Animal Welfare Society - KAWS, Animal Care Association Pakistan - ACAP, and Edhi Foundation Animal Hostel etc., are some of these.
Future Prospects in Pet Ownership
Pet Care Industry: The pet care industry in Pakistan is poised for growth. As more people own pets, there is a rising demand for pet-related products and services. This includes pet food, grooming salons, veterinary clinics, and pet training centers. Entrepreneurs recognize this potential and invest in these sectors.
Pet Insurance: The concept of pet insurance is relatively new in Pakistan but is gaining traction. As veterinary care becomes more advanced and costly, pet owners seek ways to protect their pets' health and well-being. This gives insurance providers a chance to create customized pet insurance policies.
Education and Awareness: Future success depends on ongoing public education campaigns about proper pet ownership and the value of spaying and neutering. Organizations and individuals should work together to raise awareness about pet welfare and promote humane practices.
Conclusion
In Pakistan, owning pets has evolved from a trend to a cultural phenomenon with ingrained historical and religious importance. The prevailing trends in pet ownership indicate a shift towards more responsible and diverse choices. As pet ownership evolves, prospective pet owners must consider various factors before bringing them into their homes. By adhering to international standards for pet care and advocating for pet rights, we can create a brighter future for our four-legged companions in Pakistan. With the pet care industry on the rise and a growing awareness of pet welfare, the prospects for pet ownership in Pakistan look promising. Individuals, communities, and policymakers must work together to ensure the well-being of pets and address the issues associated with this transformation. By promoting responsible pet ownership, enforcing animal welfare laws, and supporting rescue and adoption initiatives, Pakistan can continue towards a more humane and empathetic society for humans and their animal companions.